10 IAM Concepts Every Cybersecurity Student Should Know

Identity and access management is central to modern cybersecurity. These ten concepts provide a strong base for courses, interviews, and practical IAM work.

1. Identity lifecycle: How accounts are created, changed, and removed.
2. Authentication: Proving who a user is.
3. Authorization: Deciding what an authenticated user may do.
4. Least privilege: Granting only the access required for a role.
5. RBAC: Assigning access through business roles.
6. ABAC: Making access decisions from identity and context attributes.
7. Entitlements: Specific permissions or memberships within an application.
8. Access certification: Periodically reviewing whether access is still needed.
9. Segregation of duties: Preventing conflicting access combinations.
10. Privileged access: Controlling high-impact administrative permissions.

Learn each concept with an example from a business application. This makes the terminology easier to remember and prepares you for SailPoint, cloud IAM, and cyber security roles.

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